The state of emergency imposed on 14 local government areas in some
states of the federation, following violence attributed to Boko Haram,
was not re-imposed when the 6-month duration lapsed. That was a good
decision by the Federal Government. The emergency rule was gradually
becoming counterproductive and did not seem to have significantly
reduced tension in the affected areas. However, to move towards a
fundamental resolution of the crisis, there is one step the government
needs to take with single-minded determination – that of engaging in
dialogue with Boko Haram.
There are arguments for and against this move, and government appears
somewhat indecisive as to which voice to follow. But it is not
difficult to discern which side the government seems to be tilting to
at the moment. In one breath it says it would enter into dialogue with
Boko Haram if the sect's representatives come forward. Soon after,
government says it could not discuss with an "invisible" group. The
fact that no Boko Haram representative has stepped forward to take up
the offer only goes to reinforce the position of the "No dialogue with
Boko Haram" advocates. Such a hardline position can only worsen the
resolve of Boko Haram to continue with its campaign.
With the current volatile situation in parts of the country troubling
the hearts of peace-loving citizens, all of whom are praying for a
speedy end to the crisis, the prolongation of the impasse, no doubt,
leaves government in an uncomfortable position.
In trying to deal with the Boko Haram issue, it is quite apparent that
government is drawing ideas from everywhere. By everywhere, I include
influences outside Nigeria. So far, as much as one could detect, the
advice from external quarters seems to be no dialogue. This could well
stem from the well known principle of "no dialogue with terrorists"
which is extolled mainly by the United States and its allies.
Given the above scenario, which leaves the government at a crossroads
and Nigeria in limbo, it is worthwhile for us to pause and postulate
on the best way of dealing with this challenge of urban guerrilla
skirmishes in our cities. The mode of engagement is clearly not
amenable to frontal attack, which happens to be the current tactic.
The emphasis should be on intelligence gathering and aborting plots to
launch attacks. But I think the best policy should be government
taking the initiative to enter into dialogue with the sect.
To put this question of dialogue in perspective, it is worthwhile to
recall how the British Government was able to bring the situation in
Northern Ireland under control after decades of security challenges.
The situation there was arguably similar to what our country is facing
now. In spite of the initial policy of "no dialogue", the Good Friday
Agreement of 1998, which ushered in the relative peace in that part of
the United Kingdom, was the product of a negotiated settlement. It was
not the product of a military victory.
For that to be possible, known leaders of Sinn Fein were not hounded
down even when its paramilitary wing, the Irish Republican Army,
continued committing violence. If they were, they could have gone
underground. That would have made it much more difficult to engage in
dialogue. At least we know that Gerry Adams, a prominent leader of
Sinn Fein, was neither arrested nor killed by security forces.
Looking at the situation in the Middle East and, more particularly,
the Israeli-Palestine conflict, there are Palestinian leaders who have
not been killed by Israel or its backers in order to have someone to
engage in dialogue with on behalf of the Palestinians. Arguably,
Yasser Arafat was left standing under the pretext that he was an
advocate of non-violence. Though Israeli leaders had reported put him
in their gun-sights, he was strategically left to facilitate dialogue
as and when it became expedient. That strategy worked, even though
questions are being raised lately about the circumstances of his
death.
Equally important to note is that the "no dialogue" stance of some
countries is particularly emphasised mainly when they are not dealing
with their nationals or where a terrorist siege is short-lived. While
openly advocating the "no dialogue" policy, many kidnappers had been
negotiated with and ransom paid to bail out victims. This was often
through subtle discreet negotiations made possible by credible third
parties who could be mediators, negotiators, statesmen or humanitarian
organisations.
Back to the Nigerian situation, it is my considered view that there is
the need for an urgent review of tactics regarding Boko Haram. Some
names had been thrown up in the recent past as possible negotiators
for the sect, but they were quickly disowned by the sect, apparently
on suspicion that the move was only a trap to lure them out and
capture or kill them. While the hardliners on both sides may have
their say, the inevitability of dialogue should not be overlooked. For
that to happen, government, which always has the upper hand, must
clearly demonstrate that it would genuinely grab the opportunity for
dialogue if it presents itself.
So far, the signs are not there and the opportunity can't present
itself in such situations of ambivalence and cat-and-mouse attitude.
Above all, brute force and grandstanding would not yield the desired
result. Government, as a matter of deliberate policy aimed at
promoting dialogue, should tolerate Boko Haram's spokesman or leader
who may come out and also actively explore the behind the scenes
strategy.
Dialogue is inevitable. All parties should have faith in its
usefulness as a tool for confidence-building and conflict resolution.
After all, after we might have gone full circle with violence and
senseless killings, we would still return to dialogue. The Holy month
of Ramadan may well provide the opportunity for a change of mind by
all concerned.
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